In addition to pressure losses due to pipe friction, pipes through which water flows experience pressure losses at changes in pipe direction. In practice, various changes in pipe direction with different geometries are used in pipe networks.

HL 103 can be used to investigate how different changes in pipe direction made from different materials affect the pipe flow. The pipe elements used are commercially standard components in heating and sanitary engineering. The clear panel is mounted on a sturdy, movable frame.

The trainer consists of four pipe elements with ten deflections each with the same pipe length. Two measuring sections have different radii and are made of different materials. A hose connects the desired measuring section. The flow is adjusted using valves in the inflow and return and read on a rotameter.

The pressure measuring points in the pipe system are designed as annular chambers and are located between the beginning and end of the measuring sections, ensuring a precise pressure measurement. The sensors are connected in pairs to a differential pressure meter and the respective differential pressure read on the display.